[Multiple sclerosis : a neurological dysimmune inflammatory disease]

Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system autoimmune disease of the white and grey matters. Its pathophysiology is much better well known. It results from the interaction between genetic and environmental susceptibility factors. The role of EBV virus has recently been highlighted. Imaging techniques and neuropathology knowledge allow to distinguish several distinct processes responsible for focal and more diffuse inflammation. Therapeutic advances in recent years have been considerable. Different molecules and treatment sequences can be proposed to the patient with a demonstrated positive impact on the risk of disability secondary progression. Precise follow-up is a key. It requires optimal and early use of various treatments. The therapeutic choice must be guided by obtaining stabilization of the disease, both clinically and in terms of imaging, without exposing the patient to an excessive risk of side effects. Continuous and sequential treatments are available.