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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis
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Closed-loop additive manufacturing of upcycled commodity plastic through dynamic cross-linking.

Sungjin Kim1, Md Anisur Rahman1, Md Arifuzzaman1

  • 1Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

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|June 3, 2022
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Summary

This study upcycles acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic into a recyclable ABS-vitrimer material. This advanced material is printable using fused filament fabrication (FFF), enabling sustainable manufacturing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Sustainable Manufacturing

Background:

  • Achieving a sustainable closed-loop manufacturing economy requires upcycling commodity plastics into high-performance materials.
  • Additive manufacturing, particularly fused filament fabrication (FFF), offers a scalable and resource-efficient method for reprocessing plastics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a circular model for upcycling acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) into a recyclable, adaptive dynamic covalent network (ABS-vitrimer).
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of (re)processing ABS-vitrimer using FFF for advanced manufacturing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Upcycling of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) into an adaptive dynamic covalent network (ABS-vitrimer).
  • Fused filament fabrication (FFF) processing of the synthesized ABS-vitrimer.
  • Characterization of the mechanical and solvent resistance properties of the 3D printed objects.

Main Results:

  • The developed ABS-vitrimer is recyclable and robust, exhibiting enhanced strength, toughness, and solvent resistance compared to conventional ABS.
  • Successful (re)printing of complex 3D structures using FFF, overcoming challenges associated with cross-linked materials.
  • Demonstrated direct reprintability and separability of objects from unsorted plastic waste.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents an imminently adoptable approach for advanced manufacturing, facilitating a circular plastics economy.
  • Upcycled ABS-vitrimer via FFF offers a sustainable alternative for producing high-performance, custom-designed 3D objects.
  • This work paves the way for realizing sustainable closed-loop manufacturing with commodity plastics.