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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

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Team Cognition in Handoffs: Relating System Factors, Team Cognition Functions and Outcomes in Two Handoff Processes.

Abigail R Wooldridge1, Pascale Carayon2,3, Peter Hoonakker2

  • 1Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Human Factors
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Team cognition during operating room (OR) to intensive care unit (ICU) handoffs involves information exchange, assessment, and planning. Work system design significantly influences this cognition, impacting patient safety and care transition outcomes.

Keywords:
care transitions and handoffscommunication and teamwork in health caremacroergonomics and the environmentsystem design and analysisteam cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare delivery science
  • Patient safety research
  • Team cognition studies

Background:

  • Effective patient handoffs are crucial for safety in care transitions.
  • Team cognition during handoffs remains underexplored.
  • The influence of sociotechnical systems on team cognition in handoffs is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate team cognition during operating room (OR) to intensive care unit (ICU) care transitions.
  • To understand the relationship between the sociotechnical system and team cognition in handoffs.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative content analysis and epistemic network analysis.
  • Semi-structured interviews with 28 physicians and nurses.
  • Study conducted at a Midwestern academic Level 1 trauma center.

Main Results:

  • Three team cognition functions identified: information exchange, assessment, and planning.
  • Work system factors influenced team cognition; inter-professional handoffs facilitated information exchange but could be inefficient.
  • Intra-professional handoffs simplified communication but risked information loss; inter-professional handoffs showed greater reflection on outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Team cognition is integral to handoffs and shaped by work system design.
  • Improvements may involve flexible standardization and supportive tools.
  • Future research should include patient and family perspectives.