Intra-cycle analysis of muscle vibration during cycling

Cyclists are exposed for a long period to continuous vibrations. When a muscle is exposed to vibration, its efficiency decreases, the onset of fatigue occurs sooner, and the comfort of the cyclist is reduced. This study characterised the vastus lateralis (VL) soft tissue vibrations for different input frequencies and different pedalling phases. Ten cyclists were recruited to pedal at 55, 70, 85, and 100 rpm on a vibrating cycle ergometer that induced vibrations at frequencies ranging from 14.4 Hz (55 rpm) to 26.3 Hz (100 rpm). The VL vibration amplitude was quantified with a continuous wavelet transform and expressed as a function of the crank angle. The pedalling cycle was split into four phases (downstroke, backstroke, upstroke, and overstroke) to express the mean vibration amplitude and frequency of each phase. Statistical analysis depicted that VL vibration frequency increased with the pedalling cadence and that the VL was exposed to up to 50% more vibration amplitudes during the downstroke phase at a slow cadence. The increase in the pedal vibration frequency, a higher vibration transmission due to greater normal force on the pedal, and strong activation of the VL during the downstroke phase were discussed to explain these results.