Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
06:11

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring

Published on: May 17, 2024

773

Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis

Cynthia L Blanco1, Jennifer Kim2

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Neonatology Services, University Health System, 4502 Medical Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia require individualized treatment. Focus on the cause, symptoms, and infant

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is frequent in newborns, influenced by various factors.
  • Hyperglycemia often affects preterm infants, risking organ damage due to glucose toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize individualized treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia over numerical thresholds.
  • To highlight the importance of addressing insulin resistance in preterm infants for euglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of factors influencing neonatal glucose levels.
  • Analysis of proposed hypoglycemia thresholds.
  • Consideration of prematurity-related insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • Individualized treatment based on etiology, symptoms, and neonatal condition is recommended for hypoglycemia.
  • Peripheral insulin resistance in preterm infants is a key factor in hyperglycemia management.

Conclusions:

  • Avoid rigid numerical thresholds for neonatal hypoglycemia treatment.
  • Tailoring interventions to individual neonatal circumstances is crucial for managing both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

Keywords:
EuglycemiaGlucoseHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaNeonateNewborn

More Related Videos

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

14.2K
Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

11.1K

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
2.6K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.3K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
356
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
24.3K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.5K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.0K