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Cerebral Effects of Neonatal Dysglycemia

Megan E Paulsen1, Raghavendra B Rao1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Academic Office Building, 2450 Riverside Avenue S AO-401, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55414.

Clinics in Perinatology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal dysglycemia, or abnormal blood sugar during pregnancy and birth, can impact a child's long-term neurodevelopment. Understanding and managing these conditions is crucial for infant brain health.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Perinatal dysglycemia, encompassing both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, affects fetal, preterm, and term infants.
  • Glucose metabolism during the perinatal period is complex and subject to various physiological influences.
  • Definitions and diagnostic criteria for perinatal dysglycemia remain a topic of ongoing debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current evidence on the association between perinatal dysglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • To explore the physiological underpinnings and pathophysiological mechanisms linking glucose metabolism disturbances to brain development.
  • To review current management strategies and identify future research directions, including the role of continuous glucose monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available evidence.
  • Discussion of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
  • Evaluation of current treatment and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Perinatal dysglycemia is associated with altered long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories.
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms involve direct effects of glucose levels on brain development and indirect effects via metabolic pathways.
  • Effective management of perinatal dysglycemia may mitigate negative neurodevelopmental consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal dysglycemia poses a significant risk to neurodevelopment.
  • Further research is needed to refine definitions, understand mechanisms, and optimize interventions.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring may offer new insights and management possibilities.

Keywords:
Blood glucoseBrainHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyNeurodevelopmentPerinatalPreterm

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