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Updated: Sep 21, 2025
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
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T2 mapping in myocardial disease: a comprehensive review
Aaron T O'Brien1, Katarzyna E Gil2, Juliet Varghese3
1Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Summary
Quantitative T2 mapping accurately detects myocardial edema, a key indicator of heart conditions. This noninvasive technique aids in early diagnosis and monitoring of reversible myocardial injury without contrast agents.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging
- Myocardial tissue characterization
- Quantitative T2 mapping
Background:
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for myocardial tissue characterization.
- Elevated T2 relaxation time indicates increased myocardial water content and is a marker for myocardial edema.
- Quantitative T2 mapping offers accurate assessment of myocardial edema without contrast agents or radiation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the technical considerations and clinical applications of myocardial T2 mapping.
- To emphasize the role of T2 mapping in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring myocardial injury.
- To highlight the potential of T2 mapping in early detection of reversible myocardial disease.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on quantitative T2 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
- Discussion of technical aspects of T2 mapping acquisition and analysis.
- Synthesis of clinical evidence supporting T2 mapping in various cardiac conditions.
Main Results:
- Quantitative T2 mapping accurately characterizes myocardial edema and detects reversible myocardial injury.
- Strong evidence supports its use in acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart transplant rejection, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Emerging data show utility in other cardiomyopathies, rheumatologic conditions, and cancer therapy-related cardiac injury.
Conclusions:
- Myocardial T2 mapping is a powerful, noninvasive tool for assessing myocardial edema and injury.
- Elevated T2 relaxation time can be an early sign of myocardial disease, preceding symptoms and irreversible changes.
- Further expansion of T2 mapping's clinical impact is anticipated.
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