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Mast cell activation syndrome-anesthetic challenges in two different clinical scenarios

Brianna Lide1, Shane Mcguire1, Hong Liu1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Research
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) involves inappropriate mast cell mediator release, increasing anaphylaxis risk. This report details MCAS cases, triggers, and anesthetic management for safe surgical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a group of disorders characterized by inappropriate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.
  • These mediators can impact multiple organ systems, leading to significant morbidity and potential fatality.
  • Patients with MCAS face an increased risk of anaphylaxis due to reactions triggered by various stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present clinical scenarios of MCAS.
  • To identify potential triggers for mast cell mediator release.
  • To define a preoperative preventive pathway, outline anesthetic considerations, and discuss management of hypersensitivity reactions in MCAS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing two clinical scenarios of MCAS.
  • Identification of potential triggers for mast cell mediator release.
  • Development of a preoperative preventive pathway and anesthetic considerations.
  • Discussion of immediate hypersensitivity reaction management.

Main Results:

  • Two clinical cases of MCAS were presented.
  • Possible triggers for mast cell mediator release were identified.
  • A preoperative preventive pathway and anesthetic considerations were outlined.
  • Management strategies for immediate hypersensitivity reactions were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Meticulous preoperative preparation is crucial for patients with MCAS.
  • Avoiding triggers and having a plan for adverse organ responses are paramount for good outcomes.
  • Effective anesthetic management and prompt treatment of hypersensitivity reactions are essential.
Keywords:
mast cell activation syndromemast cell disease

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