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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

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Merkel cell carcinoma.

K Mistry1, N J Levell1, P Craig2

  • 1Department of Dermatology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich UK.

Skin Health and Disease
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare skin cancer, is linked to UV radiation and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV). Advances in diagnosis and immunotherapy offer improved management and survival for this aggressive cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer.
  • MCC incidence is rising, potentially due to evolving diagnostic criteria.
  • Key causes include ultraviolet radiation and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, staging, and management of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight advancements in treatment strategies, including immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the role of MCPyV in carcinogenesis and potential future treatment guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MCC epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools like CK-20 immunohistochemistry and imaging techniques (USS, CT, MRI, CT-PET).
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • MCC presents as rapidly growing nodules on sun-exposed skin.
  • Diagnostic accuracy improved with markers like CK-20; staging utilizes various imaging methods.
  • Treatment involves surgery and radiotherapy for primary tumors; nodal disease management varies.
  • Advanced MCC benefits from systemic therapies, notably PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors like Avelumab.

Conclusions:

  • MCC remains a high-mortality cancer with frequent recurrence and metastasis.
  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, shows promise for advanced disease.
  • MCPyV status may influence future treatment strategies.