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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

37.6K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
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Genomics in Egypt: Current Status and Future Aspects.

Eman Ahmed El-Attar1, Rasha Mohamed Helmy Elkaffas2, Sarah Ahmed Aglan1

  • 1Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Frontiers in Genetics
|June 6, 2022
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Egypt is advancing medical genetics and genomics for personalized healthcare, despite challenges. A national genome center and reference genome project aim to map the Egyptian genome and improve disease understanding and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics and Genomics
  • Public Health Genomics
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Egypt faces healthcare challenges due to high population density, impacting genomic and genetic testing accessibility.
  • A national shift towards personalized healthcare necessitates a deeper understanding of the Egyptian genome and associated diseases.
  • Current genetic services in Egypt require comprehensive analysis regarding availability, access, and integration into the healthcare system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research, services, and challenges in medical genetics and genomics in Egypt.
  • To analyze the drivers and barriers (economic, geographic, cultural, educational) for advancing genomic services.
  • To propose a framework for multidisciplinary collaboration and governance to integrate genomic medicine into Egypt's healthcare system.

Main Methods:

  • SWOT analysis of current genetic/genomic services in Egypt.
  • Review of research efforts and available services for rare genetic diseases, communicable diseases (including COVID-19), and cancer.
  • Discussion of ethical considerations in communicating genomic results.

Main Results:

  • Egypt is transitioning to precision medicine, requiring detailed knowledge of its genome for personalized interventions.
  • Drivers for genomics include the need for improved diagnostics and treatments for prevalent genetic diseases.
  • Barriers identified include economic, geographic, cultural, and educational factors, alongside ethical considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing genomic technologies and integrating them into clinical applications and research is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis in Egypt.
  • Three pillars—resources, infrastructure, and training—are essential for multidisciplinary collaboration in Egyptian genomics.
  • The establishment of a national genome center and the Reference Genome Project for Egyptians mark a new era in Egyptian genomics, supported by a proposed multidisciplinary governance system.