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[Atypical mycobacterial pulmonary infections. Apropos of a case in a newborn infant]

M Albertini, M Picon, P Boutte

    Archives Francaises De Pediatrie
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    An infant experienced a Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare lung infection. Treatment was challenging due to bacterial resistance, but the infant recovered, highlighting diagnostic and management considerations for this rare pediatric infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric infectious diseases
    • Mycobacterial infections
    • Pulmonary medicine

    Background:

    • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Pulmonary MAI infections are uncommon in otherwise healthy infants and present diagnostic challenges.

    Observation:

    • An 8-month-old infant presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary infection.
    • Diagnosis was confirmed by isolating Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare from respiratory samples.
    • Cutaneous reactions to avian tuberculin provided supportive, though not definitive, diagnostic information.

    Findings:

    • The isolated MAI strain exhibited resistance to standard antituberculous chemotherapy.
    • Despite antibiotic resistance, the infant's pulmonary infection showed a favorable clinical evolution.
    • Epidemiological investigation, including examination of a nearby chicken coop, did not reveal a source for the infection.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of microbiological confirmation for diagnosing pulmonary MAI in infants.
    • It highlights the potential for favorable outcomes even with drug-resistant MAI, suggesting host factors may play a role.
    • The case emphasizes the need for considering non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the differential diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary infections.

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