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D-dimer testing in clinical practice in the era of COVID-19

Claire Auditeau1, Lina Khider2,3,4, Benjamin Planquette2,3,5,6

  • 1Hematology Department Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre Université de Paris (APHP-CUP) Paris France.

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

D-dimer testing aids in diagnosing blood clots like pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. High D-dimer levels, particularly in COVID-19 patients, indicate poor prognosis and guide clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product, reflecting hemostatic system activation.
  • Elevated D-dimer levels were observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • D-dimer has been utilized in various clinical scenarios beyond its initial indications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the validated applications of D-dimer testing.
  • To discuss the role of D-dimer in diagnosing thromboembolic events.
  • To highlight D-dimer's prognostic value in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on D-dimer testing.
  • Analysis of D-dimer's utility in pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis diagnosis.
  • Evaluation of D-dimer in venous thromboembolism recurrence risk and disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • D-dimer is crucial for ruling out pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in low-to-intermediate risk patients.
  • D-dimer aids in assessing venous thromboembolism recurrence risk.
  • High D-dimer levels are a significant biomarker for poor prognosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • D-dimer testing has established roles in diagnosing and managing thromboembolic disorders.
  • D-dimer serves as a prognostic marker in COVID-19.
  • This review consolidates validated D-dimer applications in diverse clinical contexts.

Keywords:
COVID‐19COVID‐19 vaccinesD‐dimeranticoagulantbiomarkerdisseminated intravascular coagulationfibrinfibrin fragment Dfibrinogen degradation productspredictive value of testsprognosispulmonary embolismvenous thromboembolism

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