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Drivers of melioidosis endemicity: epidemiological transition, zoonosis, and climate change

Emma Birnie1,2, Jason J Biemond1, W Joost Wiersinga1,2

  • 1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Melioidosis, a serious tropical infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is expanding due to climate change and zoonotic factors. Understanding these transitions is crucial for controlling its spread and impact.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical infectious diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a significant tropical infection with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Endemicity is well-established in Australia and Thailand, but data from South Asia, the Americas, and Africa remain scarce.
  • Increasing global prevalence of diabetes and chronic liver/renal diseases elevates susceptibility to B. pseudomallei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of melioidosis endemicity.
  • To focus on epidemiological transitions, zoonotic risks, and climate change impacts.
  • To highlight the need for a One Health approach.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of melioidosis epidemiology.
  • Analysis of factors influencing disease distribution.
  • Synthesis of current research on B. pseudomallei.

Main Results:

  • Global burden estimates highlight Australia and Thailand, with data gaps elsewhere.
  • Animal trade poses a risk for B. pseudomallei transmission to new regions.
  • Climate change factors like increased precipitation and soil changes are linked to B. pseudomallei occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Epidemiological shifts, zoonotic hazards, and climate change are driving new melioidosis hotspots.
  • A multidisciplinary One Health approach is vital for accurate incidence assessment and mortality reduction.

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