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A single, high-fat meal adversely affects postprandial endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Juanita J Fewkes1,2, Nicole J Kellow1,3, Stephanie F Cowan1
1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|June 6, 2022
Summary
A high-fat meal temporarily impairs endothelial function, reducing flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Factors like age, BMI, and meal fat content influence this effect, impacting atherosclerosis risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Nutritional Science
- Physiology
Background:
- Endothelial dysfunction is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis.
- Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) assesses endothelial function.
- High-fat meals are known to induce NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction, but the extent and influencing factors are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively assess the impact of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function.
- To identify factors that modify the postprandial FMD response.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies measuring fasting and postprandial FMD after high-fat meals.
- Meta-regression analysis to explore moderator variables.
- Searched six databases for research up to January 2022.
Main Results:
- A high-fat meal transiently reduced postprandial FMD at 2, 3, and 4 hours.
- Younger, healthy-weight individuals showed a greater FMD reduction compared to older, heavier individuals.
- Higher fat content in meals correlated with greater FMD reduction at 3 hours.
Conclusions:
- A single high-fat meal negatively affects endothelial function, with effects modulated by baseline FMD, age, BMI, and meal composition.
- Standardization of high-fat meal challenge studies is recommended for consistent interpretation of endothelial function and therapeutic assessments.
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