MicroRNAs and Synaptic Plasticity: From Their Molecular Roles to Response to Therapy
Amir Hossein Mohammadi1,2, Seyedvahid Seyedmoalemi3,4, Mahsa Moghanlou5
1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Abstract:
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to weaken or strengthen over time, in response to changes in the activity of the neurons. It is orchestrated by a variety of genes, proteins, and external and internal factors, especially epigenetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-acknowledged epigenetic modulators that regulate the translation and degradation of target genes in the nervous system. Increasing evidence has suggested that a number of miRNAs play important roles in modulating various aspects of synaptic plasticity. The deregulation of miRNAs could be associated with pathological alterations in synaptic plasticity, which could lead to different CNS-related diseases. Herein, we provide an update on the role of miRNAs in governing synaptic plasticity. In addition, we also summarize recent researches on the role of miRNAs in drug addiction, and their targets and mechanism of action. Understanding of the way in which miRNAs contribute to synaptic plasticity provides rational clues in establishing the novel biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of plasticity-related diseases and drug addiction.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators of synaptic plasticity, influencing neuronal function. Their dysregulation is linked to CNS diseases and drug addiction, offering potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Epigenetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal connections to change strength, is crucial for brain function.
- Epigenetic factors, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), significantly influence synaptic plasticity by regulating gene expression.
- Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in central nervous system (CNS) disorders and addiction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review on the role of miRNAs in governing synaptic plasticity.
- To summarize recent research on miRNAs in drug addiction, including their targets and mechanisms.
- To highlight the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for plasticity-related diseases and addiction.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRNAs and synaptic plasticity.
- Analysis of studies investigating miRNA targets and mechanisms in the context of neuronal function.
- Examination of evidence linking miRNA deregulation to CNS diseases and substance use disorders.
Main Results:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are confirmed as critical epigenetic modulators of synaptic plasticity.
- Specific miRNAs have been identified to play significant roles in various aspects of synaptic plasticity.
- Evidence strongly suggests a link between miRNA dysregulation and pathological changes in synaptic plasticity, contributing to CNS diseases and addiction.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs are integral to the regulation of synaptic plasticity.
- Understanding miRNA involvement in synaptic plasticity and drug addiction can lead to novel diagnostic biomarkers.
- Targeting miRNAs presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating synaptic plasticity-related disorders and addiction.
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