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PIWI-interacting RNAs in human diseases: databases and computational models.

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PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial non-coding RNAs protecting genomes. This review maps piRNA bioinformatics resources and computational models, aiding research into their roles in diseases like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a major class of non-coding RNAs with essential genome defense functions, particularly in germline cells.
  • While less abundant, piRNAs also show potential roles in somatic cells, but bioinformatics resources are limited compared to microRNAs (miRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and map available piRNA-specific and non-specific databases and bioinformatics resources.
  • To analyze computational models for piRNA prediction, target identification, and disease association.
  • To identify trends, gaps in tool development, and the role of piRNAs in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic collation and comparison of 39 piRNA-related databases and bioinformatics resources.
  • Review of 33 computational models categorized by function (prediction, target identification, disease association).
  • Analysis of public piRNA data for disease associations, focusing on cancer and neurodegenerative conditions.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive catalog of 39 piRNA databases and 33 computational models is presented.
  • Trends and potential gaps in piRNA bioinformatics tool development are identified.
  • Specific piRNAs associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides the most current mapping of piRNA bioinformatics resources, models, and disease association tools.
  • The findings aim to facilitate and stimulate further research into piRNA functions and applications.
  • Understanding piRNA bioinformatics is crucial for advancing research in non-coding RNA biology and disease.