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COVID-19 in Children

Meena Kalyanaraman1, Michael R Anderson2

  • 1Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of New Jersey at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, C-5, 201 Lyons Avenue, Newark, NJ 07112, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Over 5 million US children contracted COVID-19, with severe cases linked to obesity and other conditions. Vaccinating children is crucial to prevent severe illness and multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic.
  • Over 5 million children in the US have been infected.
  • Risk factors for severe pediatric COVID-19 include obesity, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the impact of COVID-19 on children.
  • To highlight risk factors for severe disease and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions.
  • To emphasize the importance of pediatric vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on pediatric COVID-19 infections.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with severe disease progression in children.
  • Examination of trends during the 2021 delta surge.

Main Results:

  • Significant burden of COVID-19 in the pediatric population, exceeding 5 million infections in the US.
  • Identification of obesity, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, and neurologic comorbidities as key risk factors.
  • Increased disease severity and PICU admissions observed during the 2021 delta variant surge.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant threat to children, with specific risk factors influencing disease severity.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious complication requiring intensive care.
  • Vaccination of children against SARS-CoV-2 is essential to mitigate disease burden and prevent severe outcomes.

Keywords:
ARDSCOVID-19EpidemiologyMIS-CPediatric COVIDRisk factorsSARS-CoV-2

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