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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors
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Prime editor integrase systems boost targeted DNA insertion and beyond.

Ayman Eid1, Yiping Qi2

  • 1Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Trends in Biotechnology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New prime editor integrase (PEI) systems enable efficient, site-specific long DNA insertion into the human genome. This breakthrough in genome engineering opens exciting applications for humans, animals, and plants.

Keywords:
BxbIDNA insertionPASTETwinPEintegraseprime editor

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Existing genome engineering tools struggle with efficient, site-specific insertion of long DNA sequences.
  • Site-specific DNA integration is crucial for various genetic applications, including gene therapy and synthetic biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate novel prime editor integrase (PEI) systems for site-specific long DNA integration.
  • To overcome limitations of current genome engineering technologies regarding large DNA insertions.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging the prime editing platform.
  • Incorporating integrase enzymes for targeted DNA insertion.
  • Experimental validation in the human genome.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful site-specific integration of long DNA sequences using PEI systems.
  • Achieved higher efficiency compared to previously available genome engineering methods.

Conclusions:

  • Prime editor integrase (PEI) systems represent a significant advancement in genome engineering.
  • These systems offer powerful new possibilities for applications in humans, animals, and plants.