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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer: An update.

Sarika N Rao1, Robert C Smallridge2

  • 1Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Dual Appointment in the Divisions of Endocrinology/Metabolism and Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive cancer with poor survival. While newer treatments offer hope, significant research is still needed to improve patient outcomes for this lethal disease.

Keywords:
BRAFanaplastic thyroid cancertargeted therapythyroid surgeryundifferentiated

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Thyroid Cancer Research

Background:

  • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy with a median survival of 3-5 months.
  • It predominantly affects older women and is characterized by rapid locoregional and distant spread, classifying it as stage IV.
  • High disease-specific mortality underscores the urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss the evolving treatment landscape for ATC.
  • To highlight areas requiring further research for enhanced survival outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of current treatment modalities including surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Anaplastic thyroid cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers.
  • Multimodal therapeutic approaches are standard, incorporating surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy.
  • Advances in molecular understanding have enabled newer treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advances, anaplastic thyroid cancer survival remains poor.
  • A comprehensive multimodal approach is crucial for managing ATC.
  • Further research is essential to develop more effective treatments and improve survival rates for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients.