Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

179
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
179
Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

6
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
6
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

9
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
9
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

8
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
8
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

217
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
217
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

139
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
139

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strength of social episodic memory influences subsequent social decisions.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same author

Neuropsychiatric symptoms relate to everyday functioning as reported by cognitively unimpaired older adults and their study partners.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Using memory recall response time on digital cognitive testing to detect subtle cognitive changes among cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Investigating the associations between tau and mental orientation among cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025
Same author

Amyloid and tau burden relate to longitudinal changes in the performance of complex everyday activities among cognitively unimpaired older adults: results from the performance-based Harvard Automated Phone Task.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2024
Same author

Memory as a foundation for approach and avoidance decisions: A fertile area for research.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same journal

The properties of personal semantics.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Music enhances associative generalization: Evidence from a memory integration task.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Video, text, and memory: An emotional verbal overshadowing effect.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Limited protective effects of multilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Validation of illustrated texts: Can pictures raise awareness of inconsistencies?

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

I remember (and forget) your happy smiling face: Directed forgetting of emotionally expressive faces of in-group and out-group members.

Memory & cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.1K

Exploring the relationship between retrieval practice, self-efficacy, and memory.

Andrea N Frankenstein1, Onyinye J Udeogu1, Matthew P McCurdy1

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.

Memory & Cognition
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrieval practice improves memory, but self-efficacy

Keywords:
MemoryRetrieval practiceSelf-efficacy

More Related Videos

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.2K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.1K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.2K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Retrieval practice enhances memory recall.
  • The role of self-efficacy in memory performance is under-explored.
  • Cognitive mechanisms for retrieval practice are established, but affective factors like self-efficacy warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between retrieval practice, self-efficacy, and memory performance.
  • To determine if changes in self-efficacy mediate the retrieval practice effect.
  • To assess the impact of manipulated self-efficacy on memory under retrieval practice conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 compared retrieval practice to restudy, measuring memory and self-efficacy changes.
  • Experiment 2 manipulated self-efficacy using false feedback (negative, neutral, positive) during retrieval practice.

Main Results:

  • A significant retrieval practice effect was observed in Experiment 1, with retrieval practice outperforming restudy.
  • Self-efficacy did not significantly mediate the retrieval practice effect in Experiment 1.
  • In Experiment 2, negative feedback (lowering self-efficacy) impaired memory performance compared to neutral feedback.

Conclusions:

  • While retrieval practice enhances memory, self-efficacy may not be the primary mediator.
  • Manipulated self-efficacy, particularly negative feedback, can influence memory performance during retrieval practice.
  • Interventions targeting self-efficacy could potentially modulate memory outcomes.