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Reliability of Cusp Angulation Using Three-Dimensional Digital Models: A Preliminary In Vitro Study.

Xinggang Liu¹, Xiaoxian Chen²

¹Department of prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Methods of Information in Medicine

|June 7, 2022

Summary

A new digital method for measuring dental cusp angles using 3D models shows high consistency and reliability. This approach improves upon traditional goniometer measurements on plaster casts, especially for experienced examiners.

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Biomechanical Engineering
Digital Imaging

Background:

Dental cusp angulation is crucial for assessing chewing efficiency and prosthesis safety.
Current digital measurement methods for cusp angles lack reliability.
Artificial intelligence applications in dentistry require accurate foundational data.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a digital method for measuring dental cusp angles.
To evaluate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the digital measurement technique.
To compare the digital method with traditional goniometric measurements on plaster casts.

Main Methods:

First molar cusp angles (α and β) were measured on 21 plaster casts and their corresponding 3D digital models.
Measurements were taken using a goniometer (traditional) and PicPick software with a CEREC Bluecam scanner (digital).
Statistical analyses included ICC, PCC, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

A strong positive correlation (r > 0.9) was found between digital and traditional methods, with no significant difference (p > 0.05).
The digital method demonstrated higher inter-rater and intra-rater reliability (ICC values) compared to traditional measurements.
Significant differences in measuring angle β were observed between examiners for both methods (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

3D digital models offer a reliable clinical option for cusp angulation measurement, surpassing traditional plaster cast methods.
The digital technique enhances measurement reliability, particularly for experienced dental professionals.
Variability in measurements persists for small cusp angles, especially with inexperienced examiners.