Assessment of Aortic Stiffness by Transthoracic Echocardiographic in Young COVID-19 Patients

Deteriorated aortic elasticity is part of the atherosclerotic process. Inflammation is an underlying factor in both COVID-19 and atherosclerosis.

Using aortic elastic properties, we aimed to assess the subclinical indicators of susceptibility to inflammatory atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19.

Out of 194 participants included in this study, 100 were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the last 6 months (60 women and 40 men with a mean age of 34.13 ± 6.45 years) and 94 were healthy controls (55 women and 39 men with a mean age of 30.39 ± 7.21 years). We analyzed transthoracic echocardiographic and aortic stiffness parameters in all participants.

Values of systolic blood pressure (110 [85-140] vs. 110 [80-140], P = 0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (37 [25-55] vs. 40 [25-55], P < 0.01) were significantly different between the groups. As for laboratory parameters, levels of glucose (97.89 ± 20.23 vs. 92.00 ± 9.95, P = 0.003) and creatinine (0.80 ± 0.13 vs. 0.75 ± 0.09, P = 0.003) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. Echocardiographic parameters showed that both groups differed significantly in diastolic aortic diameter (2.42 ± 0.28 vs. 2.31 ± 0.35, P = 0.017), aortic strain (9.66 [1.20-31.82] vs. 12.82 [2.41-40.11], P = 0.025), aortic distensibility (0.502 [0.049-2.545] vs. 0.780 [0.120-2.674], P < 0.01), and aortic stiffness (16.67 [4.19-139.43] vs. 11.71 [3.43-65.21], P = 0.006).

Measurement of aortic stiffness is a simple, practical yet inexpensive method in COVID-19 patients, and therefore, may be used as an early marker for COVID-19-induced subclinical atherosclerosis.