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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

64.7K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
64.7K
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

10.6K
Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
10.6K
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

6.9K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
6.9K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

7.6K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
7.6K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.2K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
10:07

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

Published on: August 26, 2016

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How do phagocytes eat?

T P Stossel

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Phagocytosis, a key cellular process for host defense and tissue repair, involves object recognition by phagocytes. The chemical basis of this recognition and the subsequent signaling pathways remain largely unknown, hindering a full understanding of this vital immune function.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

    "Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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    "Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

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    Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
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    Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages
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    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Phagocytosis is a fundamental cellular process crucial for host defense against pathogens and tissue homeostasis.
    • It involves the recognition of external objects by phagocytic cells, initiating a cascade of events.
    • While serum proteins mediating object recognition are known, the underlying chemical basis and signaling are poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the chemical basis of object recognition in phagocytosis.
    • To investigate the signaling pathways activated upon recognition.
    • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving phagocytic events.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of serum proteins involved in opsonization.
    • Investigation of plasma membrane receptors and their interactions.
    • Study of intracellular signaling molecules and cytoskeletal rearrangements.

    Main Results:

    • Identified gaps in knowledge regarding the chemical triggers for phagocytosis.
    • Highlighted the limited understanding of signaling events post-recognition.
    • Emphasized the role of actin-protein interactions in pseudopodia formation and vacuole closure.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to understand the chemical basis of phagocytic recognition.
    • Elucidating signaling pathways is critical for comprehending phagocytosis regulation.
    • Metabolic energy-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics are central to the engulfment process and subsequent lysosome fusion.