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Deep eutectic solvents as cryoprotective agents for mammalian cells.

Saffron J Bryant¹, Miyah N Awad¹, Aaron Elbourne¹

¹School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B

|June 7, 2022

Summary

Deep eutectic solvents show promise as novel cryoprotective agents, offering improved cell viability and reduced toxicity compared to traditional options. This breakthrough could advance cryopreservation for clinical applications and tissue storage.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Cryopreservation is vital for ART, stem cell therapies, and species preservation.
Current cryoprotective agents like DMSO and glycerol have toxicity and efficacy limitations.
Organ and tissue cryopreservation remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore deep eutectic solvents (DES) as novel cryoprotective agents for mammalian cells.
To evaluate the thermal properties, toxicity, and permeability of DES.
To assess the potential of DES for organ and tissue cryopreservation.

Main Methods:

Six DES were synthesized and tested for cryoprotective capacity.
Thermal properties (glass transitions) and cell toxicity were assessed.
Mammalian cell permeability, post-thaw viability, and morphology were analyzed using AFM and confocal microscopy.
Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

A proline-glycerol DES demonstrated effective cryoprotection for four mammalian cell types.
This DES exhibited lower toxicity and higher efficacy than its individual components.
Cells incubated with the DES at 37°C for extended periods maintained high viability before freezing.
Post-thaw cell characterization revealed preserved morphology and integrity.

Conclusions:

Deep eutectic solvents represent a promising new class of cryoprotective agents.
Multi-component DES systems offer synergistic benefits over single agents.
This research paves the way for developing tailored cryoprotectants for diverse cell types and tissues.
The findings represent a significant advancement towards successful organ and tissue cryopreservation.