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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and ischemic stroke: A Mendelian randomization study.

Runming Du1, Yi Zhou1, Chong You2

  • 1Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|June 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of ischemic stroke, particularly large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. This association is mediated by coronary artery disease.

Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderMendelian randomizationischemic stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ischemic stroke.
  • Understanding the causal relationship is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of genetic liability to ADHD on ischemic stroke and its subtypes.
  • To explore potential mediating factors in the ADHD-stroke association.

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilizing genetic variants associated with ADHD.
  • Outcome data from the MEGASTROKE consortium for ischemic stroke and its subtypes.
  • Sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR (MVMR) were employed to ensure robustness and explore mediation.

Main Results:

  • Genetic liability to ADHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of any ischemic stroke (AIS) (OR=1.15, P=0.002).
  • A stronger association was observed for large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (LAS) (OR=1.40, P=0.005).
  • Sensitivity and MVMR analyses confirmed these findings and indicated mediation by coronary artery disease.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic predisposition to ADHD causally increases the risk of ischemic stroke, especially LAS.
  • The association between ADHD and LAS is independent of smoking initiation age but is mediated by coronary artery disease.