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Related Experiment Videos

The learning process in biofeedback: is it feed-forward or feedback?

T G Dunn, S E Gillig, S E Ponsor

    Biofeedback and Self-Regulation
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Participants primarily used feed-forward processes, confirming existing muscle tension responses during electromyograph biofeedback, rather than sensing subtle changes. This early reliance may limit control and transfer of learned skills.

    Area of Science:

    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback is a technique used to train individuals to control physiological responses.
    • Understanding the cognitive strategies employed during biofeedback is crucial for optimizing its effectiveness.
    • Existing research lacks detailed insight into the specific processes participants utilize during EMG biofeedback sessions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the cognitive strategies and thought processes individuals engage in during electromyograph biofeedback.
    • To differentiate between feedback processes (sensing subtle muscle tension changes) and feed-forward processes (confirming existing responses) during biofeedback.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty participants underwent three electromyograph biofeedback sessions.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Post-session inquiries were conducted to gather detailed reports on strategies and thoughts.
  • Protocol analyses were used to evaluate the reported cognitive processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Protocol analyses revealed substantial evidence supporting the use of feed-forward processes.
    • Limited support was found for the utilization of feedback processes during the sessions.
    • Participants predominantly confirmed existing muscle tension responses rather than actively sensing subtle variations.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that individuals commonly employ feed-forward mechanisms in EMG biofeedback.
    • An early reliance on feed-forward processes may impede the development of fine-tuned muscle control.
    • Limited transfer of learned skills to other contexts may result from this strategy.