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Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections

Estefany Y Reyes1, Mari L Shinohara1,2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|June 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are increasing. Understanding host immune responses is key to developing new treatments for CNS mycosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • The incidence of CNS mycosis is rising due to increased immunocompromised populations.
  • Limited clinical interventions necessitate a deeper understanding of CNS fungal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review host-pathogen interactions in CNS mycoses.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of fungal invasion and host immune responses within the CNS.
  • To highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fungal CNS infections.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms.
  • Discussion of immune cell roles in CNS mycosis.

Main Results:

  • Fungal pathogens invade the CNS through various mechanisms.
  • CNS-resident cells (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons) detect fungal pathogens.
  • CNS-infiltrated leukocytes play critical roles in the immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Host immune responses within the CNS are critical in fungal infections.
  • Understanding these responses is vital for developing effective treatments for CNS mycosis.
  • Further research into neuroimmunology of fungal infections is warranted.
Keywords:
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)astrocytesfungal infectionmicroglianeuroimmunologyneurons

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