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Impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19

Jana Ponce1,2, Alfred Jerrod Anzalone3,4, Kristina Bailey5,6

  • 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|June 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Malnutrition significantly increases mortality risk and adverse events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition are crucial for improving patient outcomes during the pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a leading cause of death in the US.
  • Malnutrition is known to increase complications in hospitalized patients.
  • The specific impact of malnutrition on COVID-19 patient outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effect of malnutrition on mortality.
  • To identify the impact of malnutrition on adverse hospital events in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) repository.
  • Categorized malnutrition into: none documented, history of malnutrition, and hospital-acquired malnutrition.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression to analyze associations between malnutrition and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Over 343,000 patients were analyzed, with significant numbers having pre-existing or hospital-acquired malnutrition.
  • Mortality risk was substantially higher for patients with a history of malnutrition (OR 1.71) and hospital-acquired malnutrition (OR 2.5).
  • Adverse hospital events, including mechanical ventilation and ARDS, were also significantly elevated in both malnutrition groups.

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition is a significant risk factor for mortality and adverse events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Interventions targeting malnutrition prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are essential.
  • Addressing malnutrition can improve clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
adultmalnutritionnutrition assessmentnutrition support practiceoutcomes research/qualitypulmonary disease

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