Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 20, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
Migraine Headache in an Employed Population: Demographics, Health Risks, Pharmaceutical Utilization, and Productivity
Wayne N Burton1, Alyssa B Schultz, Martha E Shepherd
1From the Environmental and Occupational Sciences, University of Illinois School of Public Health, Chicago (Dr Burton); Global Health Management Research Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Schultz); Clinical Medicine and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Office of Population Health; and Vanderbilt Health at Metro Nashville Public Schools, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Shepherd); and Employee Benefits, Metro Nashville Public Schools, Tenn Nashville, Tennessee (Mr Hines).
Objective:
Demographics, health risks, pharmaceutical utilization, and other characteristics of adults with and without migraine who were employed by a school district in the southern United States were compared.
Methods:
A total of 4528 employees completed a health risk appraisal. A diagnosis of migraine was reported by 11%. Employees with and without migraine were compared on several measures.
Results:
Demographic and health risk differences were observed among the comparison groups. One-fifth of migraineurs had a prescription for an opioid, which was associated with very high average annual health care costs ($17,791) compared with migraineurs without opioid ($3907).
Conclusions:
Migraine is common in the workforce. Employers may want to educate employees with migraine about evidence-based treatments. Benefit plan design should be consistent with current accepted treatment guidelines for opioid use.
Related Concept Videos
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

