Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

46
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
46
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

55
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
55
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

39
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
39
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

70
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
70
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

40
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
40
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

1.4K
Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conduction system pacing in TAVR patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation.

Heart rhythm·2026
Same author

From photoshop to artificial intelligence. Scientific integrity in the modern era of cardiovascular research: a call for action.

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Strategies and Timing of Complete Revascularization in STEMI Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Antiplatelet Therapy and All-Cause Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The TRITAVI Registry.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Potentially futile outcome after uncomplicated TAVI: Insights from the TRITAVI registry.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Prognostic Impact of Neurologic Events After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation According to Their Timing.

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.6K

[Coronary microvascular dysfunction: mechanisms and clinical outcome].

Ciro Indolfi1, Italo Porto2, Saverio Muscoli3

  • 1Istituto di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro.

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microvascular angina affects many patients without coronary artery blockages. Current treatments for microvascular dysfunction show limited success, necessitating further research into multifactorial mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
08:21

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.5K
Author Spotlight: Improved Localization and Monitoring of Coronary Flow Reserve Using Modified PLAX View in Mice
05:07

Author Spotlight: Improved Localization and Monitoring of Coronary Flow Reserve Using Modified PLAX View in Mice

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.6K
Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
08:21

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.5K
Author Spotlight: Improved Localization and Monitoring of Coronary Flow Reserve Using Modified PLAX View in Mice
05:07

Author Spotlight: Improved Localization and Monitoring of Coronary Flow Reserve Using Modified PLAX View in Mice

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Microvascular Function

Background:

  • A significant proportion of patients presenting with typical chest pain and undergoing coronary angiography lack obstructive coronary artery disease.
  • Many of these patients exhibit microvascular myocardial disease, often co-occurring with conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, or valve disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the definition, underlying mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches for microvascular angina.
  • To review the current understanding of microvascular dysfunction in patients without significant coronary stenosis.

Main Methods:

  • Defining microvascular angina based on ischemic symptoms, absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, objective ischemia evidence, and pathological microcirculation indices.
  • Utilizing intracoronary vasoreactivity tests to assess microcirculatory resistance and coronary flow reserve.
  • Reviewing diagnostic tests for microvascular dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Microvascular angina is characterized by ischemic symptoms without significant coronary stenosis, confirmed by objective ischemia and impaired microcirculatory function.
  • Diagnostic criteria include specific thresholds for index of microcirculatory resistance and coronary flow reserve.
  • The multifactorial nature of microvascular dysfunction presents challenges in improving clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Microvascular dysfunction plays a critical role in the prognosis of patients with chest pain and non-obstructive coronary artery disease.
  • Current therapeutic strategies have yielded limited success, underscoring the complexity of the condition.
  • Further research is essential to develop effective treatments for microvascular myocardial disease.