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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Fluid phase biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.

Krzysztof W Selmaj^1,2, Marcin P Mycko¹, Roberto Furlan³

¹Department of Neurology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia & Mazury, Olsztyn.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|June 8, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring novel fluid biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS). Extracellular RNA, specifically microRNA (miRNA), and extracellular vesicles show promise for diagnosing MS and predicting patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomarker Discovery
Molecular Biology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable clinical courses and treatment responses.
Current biomarkers for MS have limited clinical utility, necessitating the search for more reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Neurofilament light chains (NfL) show promise but face limitations in specificity for widespread clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the urgent need for simple and reliable fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS).
To explore novel biomarker candidates beyond traditional methods, focusing on extracellular RNA and vesicles.
To evaluate the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles as MS biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on MS biomarkers.
Investigation into the role of extracellular RNA, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs).
Analysis of small extracellular vesicles as potential biomarker carriers.

Main Results:

Neurofilament light chains (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum show robust results but have specificity limitations.
Extracellular RNA, especially miRNAs, are involved in gene expression relevant to MS pathogenesis.
Extracellular vesicles can transfer myelin-related molecules, indicating their potential as biomarkers.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression in autoimmune processes are promising MS biomarker candidates.
Extracellular vesicles carrying myelin content represent a novel category of potential MS biomarkers.
These novel approaches may significantly improve MS diagnosis and prognosis prediction.