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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

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Microglia in multiple sclerosis - pathogenesis and imaging.

Laura Airas¹, V Wee Yong²

¹University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|June 8, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent microglia activation drives injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging detects this activation, offering insights into MS progression and treatment monitoring.

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Published on: July 19, 2019

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Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

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Published on: May 11, 2015

Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Radiology

Background:

Microglia are central nervous system immune cells crucial for protection.
Persistent microglia activation contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

To review microglia activation in MS.
To discuss the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for detecting microglia activation in MS.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on microglia activation in MS.
Discussion of PET imaging using the mitochondrial 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligand for detecting microglia.

Main Results:

Microglia activation contributes to neurotoxicity in MS through various mediators.
TSPO PET imaging reveals increased microglia activation in normal-appearing white matter preceding radiological signs of neurodegeneration.
PET-detected microglia activation correlates with MS progression.

Conclusions:

Microglial activation is a key driver of injury in MS.
PET imaging with microglia-specific ligands provides valuable insights into MS progression.
PET imaging can serve as a tool for monitoring treatment responses in MS.