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Functional MRI in migraine.

Roberta Messina1, Cedric Gollion2,3, Rune Häckert Christensen2

  • 1Neoimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Current Opinion in Neurology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional MRI (fMRI) reveals brain changes during migraine phases, including hyperexcitability in the visual cortex and network disruptions. These findings advance our understanding of migraine pathophysiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Migraine pathophysiology is complex and heterogeneous.
  • Neuroimaging, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), has significantly advanced understanding.
  • fMRI explores brain function alterations in migraine patients across different phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major functional MRI findings characterizing migraine phases.
  • To elucidate the brain's functional changes during migraine attacks.
  • To understand the heterogeneity of brain function in migraine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional MRI (fMRI) studies on migraine.
  • Analysis of brain activity and connectivity patterns during migraine phases.
  • Exploration of functional alterations in both symptomatic and asymptomatic migraine patients.

Main Results:

  • Hypothalamic hyperexcitability and pathway reorganization initiate migraine attacks.
  • Visual cortex hyperexcitability occurs during the aura and postdromal phases.
  • Network disruptions in pontine, thalamic, sensorimotor, and visual areas characterize the headache phase.
  • Asymptomatic migraine patients show functional alterations in pain and visual processing areas, though findings are heterogeneous.

Conclusions:

  • fMRI studies have captured functional brain changes, improving the understanding of migraine pathophysiology.
  • Further research is needed to determine if migraine is triggered by intrinsic brain dysfunction or external factors.
  • The heterogeneity of fMRI findings, especially in asymptomatic phases, presents challenges in identifying common denominators.