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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

Immunotherapy in autoimmune encephalitis.

Benjamin P Trewin¹, Isaak Freeman², Sudarshini Ramanathan^1,3

¹Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|June 8, 2022

Summary

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) treatment with immunotherapy improves outcomes, but optimal strategies remain unclear. Early treatments like corticosteroids and plasma exchange are effective, with rituximab showing promise for reducing relapses.

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Published on: July 4, 2007

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Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Neuroimmunology

Background:

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) involves immune-mediated neurological damage.
Pathogenic autoantibodies targeting neuroglial antigens are key indicators.
These autoantibodies can directly alter neural function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current therapeutic strategies for autoimmune encephalitis.
To evaluate evidence from recent large cohorts, registries, and meta-analyses.
To highlight challenges in defining and measuring disability outcomes in AE.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on larger cohorts, registries, and meta-analyses.
Evaluation of contemporary therapeutic approaches in AE.
Analysis of acute and long-term treatments for specific AE syndromes.

Main Results:

First-line immunotherapies (corticosteroids, plasma exchange) improve outcomes.
Second-line therapies, particularly rituximab, show potential in reducing relapse rates.
Optimal timing for escalating immunotherapy is not yet established.

Conclusions:

Standardized outcome measures including cognitive, fatigue, pain, and mental health are needed.
Improved outcome reporting will facilitate comprehensive comparisons and evidence-based guidelines.
Further research is required to define optimal therapeutic strategies and improve long-term patient outcomes.