Development of a fully human anti-GITR antibody with potent antitumor activity using H2L2 mice

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related (GITR) can act as a co-stimulatory receptor, representing a potential target for safely enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. GITR is triggered by a GITR ligand or an agonist antibody and activates CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ effector T cells, reducing tumor-infiltrating Treg numbers and resulting in activation of immune responses and tumor cell destruction by effector T cells. GITR is an attractive target for immunotherapy, especially in combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, as is being explored in clinical trials. Using H2L2 transgenic mice encoding the human immunoglobulin variable region and hybridoma technology, we generated a panel of fully human antibodies that showed excellent specific affinity and strong activation of human T cells. After conversion to fully human antibodies and engineering modification, we obtained an anti-GITR antibody hab019e2 with enhanced antitumor activity in a B-hGITR MC38 mouse model compared to Tab9H6V3, an anti-GITR antibody that activates T cells and inhibits Treg suppression from XenoMouse. As a fully human antibody with its posttranslational modification hot spot removed, the hab019e2 antibody exerted more potent therapeutic effects, and may have potential as a novel and developable antibody targeting GITR for follow-up drug studies.