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The current evidence for substance use disorder apps.

Victoria Manning1,2, Danielle Whelan1,2, Hugh Piercy1,2

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Smartphone apps for substance use disorders (SUD) show promise but require more rigorous trials. Current evidence is mixed, highlighting the need for high-quality research to confirm the effectiveness of these digital health tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • mHealth (smartphone) applications for substance use disorders (SUD) are rapidly increasing.
  • Consumer choices for these apps often rely on user ratings, not proven effectiveness.
  • Establishing the efficacy of mHealth SUD apps is crucial due to their accessibility and reach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent developments in mHealth apps for SUD.
  • To evaluate the current evidence base for their effectiveness.
  • To identify gaps in research, particularly for drugs beyond alcohol and smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing systematic reviews on mHealth SUD apps.
  • Analysis of recent novel developments and interventions.
  • Assessment of study designs, including pilot studies and randomized controlled trials.

Main Results:

  • Existing evidence for mHealth SUD apps is generally weak and inconsistent.
  • Promising feasibility and preliminary effectiveness are seen in pilot studies for alcohol and smoking cessation.
  • Few high-quality randomized controlled trials exist, yielding mixed results.
  • Limited research focuses on mHealth apps for other substance use disorders.

Conclusions:

  • While mHealth apps offer potential for SUD treatment, robust evidence of effectiveness is lacking.
  • Further well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.
  • Research should expand to include a wider range of substances beyond alcohol and tobacco.