Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

1.8K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
1.8K
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

4.9K
Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
4.9K
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

6.9K
The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
6.9K
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

3.0K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
3.0K
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

907
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
907
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

10.0K
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
10.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative Ion Channel Transcriptomes of NK1R and Somatostatin Neurons in the preBötzinger Complex of the Ventrolateral Medulla.

Research square·2026
Same author

Outcompeting opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026
Same author

Astrocyte activation in the ventrolateral medulla modulates breathing and arousal states.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Opioid-induced respiratory depression: an underappreciated role of the peripheral nervous system.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Fentanyl Compromises Lower-Airway Mechanics and Naloxone Triggers a Transient Mechanical Overshoot.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Mecp2 deficiency induces dysphagia in a preclinical model of Rett syndrome.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

3.7K

Inspiratory rhythm generation is stabilized by Ih.

Nicholas J Burgraff1, Ryan S Phillips1, Liza J Severs1

  • 1Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) stabilizes breathing rhythm by maintaining tonic spiking in neurons. Its loss destabilizes respiratory rhythmogenesis, increasing susceptibility to opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Keywords:
Ihbreathingopioidpre-Bötzinger

More Related Videos

Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses
08:34

Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.8K
Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures
05:45

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures

Published on: November 2, 2015

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

3.7K
Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses
08:34

Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.8K
Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures
05:45

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures

Published on: November 2, 2015

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) generates rhythmic breathing.
  • Cellular properties must balance flexibility and stability for breathing control.
  • Opioid exposure and reduced synaptic drive can disrupt respiratory rhythm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the hyperpolarization-activated, nonselective cation current (Ih) in stabilizing preBötC activity.
  • To determine how Ih loss affects respiratory rhythm under perturbed conditions.
  • To understand Ih's contribution to tonic spiking in preBötC neurons.

Main Methods:

  • In silico modeling of the preBötC network.
  • In vitro electrophysiological recordings.
  • In vivo respiratory monitoring in animal models.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Ih minimally affected baseline breathing frequency but destabilized rhythmogenesis, producing burstlets.
  • Ih loss increased susceptibility to opioid-induced respiratory depression and weakened synaptic interactions.
  • Ih is crucial for maintaining tonic spiking in preBötC neurons, which are both excitatory and inhibitory.

Conclusions:

  • The Ih current is essential for stabilizing inspiratory rhythmogenesis in the preBötC.
  • Ih promotes tonic spiking and protects breathing against perturbations like opioid exposure.
  • Ih expands the dynamic range of rhythmogenesis and prevents unsynchronized network activity.