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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
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Human Milk-Expression Technologies: A Primer for Obstetricians.

Abigail Liberty1, Elizabeth S Rubin, Kimberley A Bullard

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians can support lactation goals by understanding new human milk-expression technologies. Familiarity with breast pumps and accessories aids in meeting patient feeding objectives and promoting reproductive justice.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Lactation is crucial for maternal and infant health, and reproductive justice.
  • Various human milk-expression technologies exist to support feeding goals.
  • Direct infant feeding is optimal but not always feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current human milk-expression technologies.
  • To emphasize the role of healthcare providers in patient counseling.
  • To highlight how technology supports lactation goals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human milk-expression technologies and their components.
  • Discussion of different pump systems (open vs. closed) and mobile options.
  • Exploration of pump accessories and nonelectric options.

Main Results:

  • Human milk-expression technologies, including breast pumps and accessories, are evolving.
  • Understanding pump components (attachment, valves, tubing, motor, programming, reservoir) is key.
  • Different systems (open, closed, mobile, nonelectric) offer varied functionalities and applications.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians can significantly support patients' lactation goals through informed counseling on milk-expression technologies.
  • Familiarity with breast pump technology empowers healthcare providers to assist patients effectively.
  • Technological advancements offer diverse solutions for overcoming breastfeeding challenges.