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Factors Causing Variation in World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist Effectiveness-A Rapid Scoping

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Barriers to implementing the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) hinder its effectiveness. Identifying and addressing these organizational, individual, and technical factors can improve surgical safety outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Quality and Safety
  • Surgical Outcomes Research
  • Health Services Management

Background:

  • The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) is a critical tool for improving patient safety in operating rooms.
  • Despite its importance, inconsistent implementation and suboptimal outcomes suggest underlying barriers.
  • A comprehensive understanding of these barriers is needed to optimize the WHO SSC's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize factors that negatively impact the outcomes of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC).
  • To propose strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of the WHO SSC as an operating room tool.

Main Methods:

  • A rapid scoping review was performed following PRISMA-Scr guidelines.
  • Searches were conducted in MEDLINE and Embase for studies published within the last five years.
  • Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis, with barriers classified into five main groups.

Main Results:

  • Five primary categories of barriers to WHO SSC implementation were identified: organizational, checklist-related, individual, technical, and implementation-specific.
  • Each major barrier category encompasses multiple contributing factors.
  • These factors were individually analyzed to understand their specific impact.

Conclusions:

  • This review consolidates data on barriers affecting WHO SSC implementation and outcomes.
  • Findings provide a foundation for experts to develop targeted strategies for local and global improvement.
  • Optimizing the WHO SSC requires addressing identified barriers to achieve its intended safety goals.