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COVID-19 and platelet traits: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Ching-Lung Cheung1,2, Shun-Cheong Ho1, Suhas Krishnamoorthy1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

Journal of Medical Virology
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Host genetics for severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are linked to platelet traits. Severe COVID-19 showed causal associations with higher mean platelet volume (MPV) and lower platelet count, impacting hypercoagulability insights.

Keywords:
SARS coronavirusbloodepidemiologygenetic variationgeneticsvirus classification

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Hematology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Host genetic factors influence susceptibility and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Platelet traits are implicated in the pathophysiology of viral infections and thrombotic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between host genetic liability for COVID-19 severity and platelet traits using Mendelian randomization.
  • To explore potential genetic links between COVID-19 and platelet parameters like mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, and platelet count.

Main Methods:

  • A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed.
  • Summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 severity (N ≈ 1.5 million) and platelet traits (N ≈ 408,000) were utilized.
  • Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), median weighted, MR-Egger, and contamination mixture methods were applied for robust causal inference.

Main Results:

  • No significant causal associations were found between genetic liability for SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 hospitalization and platelet traits.
  • Significant causal associations were observed between genetic liability for severe COVID-19 and increased MPV (βIVW = 0.01, p = 3.51×10-4) and decreased platelet count (βIVW = -0.009, p = 0.008).
  • Conversely, no significant causal associations were detected for platelet traits influencing COVID-19 traits.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetic predisposition to severe COVID-19 is causally associated with altered platelet parameters, specifically increased MPV and reduced platelet count.
  • These findings may offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events in severe COVID-19 patients.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between host genetics, platelet function, and COVID-19 severity.