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Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

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Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
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First-Order Circuits01:15

First-Order Circuits

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First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
One common example of a first-order circuit is the RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. These circuits are used in relaxation oscillators such as neon lamp oscillator circuits. When voltage is...
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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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RL Circuits01:14

RL Circuits

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An RL circuit consists of a resistor and an inductor and may have a source of emf connected to it. The inductor in the circuit helps to prevent rapid changes in current, which can be helpful if a steady current is required but the external source has a fluctuating emf. Consider an open RL circuit connected to a source of constant emf. As soon as the circuit is closed, the current begins to increase at a rate that depends only on the value of the inductance in the circuit. The greater the...
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LC Circuits01:21

LC Circuits

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An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Combinatorial logic devices based on a multi-path active ring circuit.

Alexander Khitun1, Michael Balinskiy2

  • 1Electrical Engineering Department, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. akhitun@engr.ucr.edu.

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|June 8, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces a novel logic device that uses resonance in active ring circuits to find computational paths. This robust, room-temperature device shows potential for complex problem-solving, possibly rivaling quantum computers.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Traditional computing faces limitations with increasing complexity.
  • Novel logic devices are needed to explore new computational paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new logic device based on an active ring circuit for computation.
  • To demonstrate its potential for solving complex problems like prime factorization and shortest path finding.

Main Methods:

  • The device utilizes an active ring circuit with electric (amplifier, phase shifter, attenuator) and magnetic (multi-port magnetic matrix with delay lines and filters) components.
  • Auto-oscillations within the circuit are used to find resonance paths.
  • Numerical modeling and experimental proof-of-concept with yttrium iron garnet (YIG) waveguides were performed.

Main Results:

  • The system naturally searches for resonance paths, controlled by electric phase shifter position and amplification.
  • Numerical simulations showed success in prime factorization and shortest path problems.
  • Experimental results demonstrated a power difference exceeding 40 dBm between active and passive paths at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed logic device is robust, deterministic, and operates at room temperature.
  • Its potential for combinatorial problems suggests it could compete with quantum computers in functional throughput.
  • Further research into encoding information and physical constraints is warranted.