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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
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Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

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Geometric Phase and Localized Heat Diffusion.

Minghong Qi1,2,3, Dong Wang1,2,3, Pei-Chao Cao4

  • 1Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Topology of heat diffusion is explored, revealing a link between geometric phase and edge states. This study demonstrates topological edge states in heat diffusion, paving the way for thermal management applications.

Keywords:
geometric phasesheat diffusionthermal metamaterialstopological properties

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Thermal Physics
  • Topological Physics

Background:

  • Topological properties govern wave phenomena in artificial structures.
  • Topology in diffusion remains largely unexplored due to its dissipative nature and delocalized modes.
  • Existing methods like tight-binding theory are unsuitable for diffusion systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study the topology of heat diffusion.
  • To overcome challenges in applying topological concepts to diffusion.
  • To establish bulk-boundary correspondence for heat diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a continuum model for heat diffusion.
  • Analytically obtained band structure and geometric phase without tight-binding approximation.
  • Experimentally demonstrated topological edge states.

Main Results:

  • Established an analytical link between geometric phase and edge states.
  • Proved bulk-boundary correspondence for heat diffusion.
  • Verified localized heat diffusion as topological edge states and their dependence on boundary conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach is general, rigorous, and accurate for studying topological phenomena in diffusion.
  • Findings provide a foundation for exploring topology in thermal management.
  • Demonstrated the existence and characteristics of topological edge states in heat diffusion.