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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
677
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

523
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Clinically approved combination immunotherapy: Current status, limitations, and future perspective.

Ligong Lu1, Meixiao Zhan1, Xian-Yang Li1

  • 1Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, PR China.

Current Research in Immunology
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination immunotherapy, like atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, shows promise for cancers such as HCC. Further research is needed to optimize patient selection, dosing, and biomarkers for maximum benefit and safety.

Keywords:
AtezolizumabBevacizumabBiomarkerCombination immunotherapyDoseFirst-line therapyGene signatureHCCPatient selection

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Combination immunotherapy is a first-line treatment for several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) plus bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) combination therapy demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in unresectable HCC.
  • This combination improves overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rates compared to sorafenib.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current combination immunotherapies and their immune mechanisms.
  • To analyze limitations of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy in HCC.
  • To propose approaches for overcoming these limitations and optimizing treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinically approved combination immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of immune mechanisms underlying combination therapy.
  • Perspective analysis of treatment limitations and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab offers unprecedented efficacy in advanced HCC.
  • This combination improves multiple clinical endpoints compared to sorafenib.
  • Limitations include patient selection, fixed-dose regimen, and lack of predictive biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Combination immunotherapy, particularly atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, is a landmark in HCC treatment.
  • Further research is essential to refine patient selection, personalize dosing, and develop predictive biomarkers.
  • Optimizing combination immunotherapy requires addressing current limitations for enhanced efficacy and safety.