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Toward a cochlear implant electrode array with shape memory effect for post-insertion perimodiolar positioning.

Thomas S Rau1,2, Tim Ehmann1, M Geraldine Zuniga1,2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implants (CI) can now utilize a shape memory effect (SME) for electrode array (EA) positioning. This innovation enables EA to shift towards the cochlear inner wall after insertion, improving auditory nerve proximity.

Keywords:
austenite finish temperaturemodiolus hugging electrodenickel titanium alloynitinolshape memory alloysmart materialtransformation temperature range

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Optimal cochlear implant (CI) electrode array (EA) placement near the modiolus enhances auditory nerve stimulation.
  • Achieving this perimodiolar positioning with current CI technology presents surgical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel CI electrode array (EA) prototype utilizing a shape memory effect (SME) for improved perimodiolar positioning.
  • To assess the feasibility and surgical gentleness of an SME-based EA insertion strategy.

Main Methods:

  • A Nitinol-based EA prototype was engineered with tailored material properties and a cooling strategy to control SME activation.
  • Ten EA prototypes were inserted into artificial cochlear models under simulated hypothermia (31°C).
  • Post-insertion EA repositioning towards the modiolus was assessed upon simulated body temperature recovery.

Main Results:

  • Successful insertion of all ten EA prototypes into the artificial cochlear model was achieved with gentle handling (0.81 ± 0.14 mm/s).
  • Following temperature normalization, all EAs demonstrated a significant shift towards the modiolus, increasing angular depth by approximately 81.8° ± 23.4°.
  • The SME-based positioning did not compromise the gentleness of the surgical insertion process.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the first successful application of a body temperature-responsive SME for perimodiolar EA positioning in cochlear implants.
  • This novel approach offers a promising method to enhance CI efficacy by facilitating precise EA placement closer to auditory nerve fibers.
  • The developed EA prototype is surgically gentle and feasible for clinical translation.