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Microtoxicology by microfluidic instrumentation: a review.

Jialan Cao¹, Charmi Chande², J Michael Köhler¹

¹Techn. Univ. Ilmenau, Dept. Phys. Chem. and Microreaction Technology, Institute for Micro- und Nanotechnologies/Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau, Germany. michael.koehler@tu-ilmenau.de.

|June 9, 2022

Summary

Microfluidics enables advanced microtoxicology, using tiny volumes for high-throughput screening of toxic effects. This miniaturized approach offers precise dose-response data for diverse biological targets, advancing drug and environmental safety testing.

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Microfluidics
Biotechnology

Background:

Microtoxicology investigates toxic effects of substances in small quantities.
Miniaturized methods in microfluidics have rapidly advanced over two decades.
Chip-based devices, microdroplet procedures, and micro-segmented flow are key microfluidic techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of microfluidics in microtoxicology.
To highlight the value of miniaturized approaches for toxicological investigations.
To discuss the state-of-the-art, limitations, and future perspectives of microtoxicology platforms.

Main Methods:

Utilizing chip-based microfluidic devices for toxicological studies.
Employing microdroplet and micro-segmented flow for precise substance delivery.
Conducting high-throughput, parallelized dose-response screenings in microcompartments.

Main Results:

Microfluidics enables highly parallelized and combinatorial dose-response screenings.
Accurate dosing and mixing in microcompartments yield detailed dose-response data.
Miniaturized approaches are applicable to diverse biological targets, including single cells and slow-growing organisms.

Conclusions:

Microfluidic microtoxicology is valuable for antibiotic susceptibility, drug toxicity (organ-on-chip), environmental toxicology, and combinatorial effect characterization.
The platform allows for long-term cultivation and effector exposure tests in small volumes.
Future opportunities and challenges in microtoxicology platforms require further investigation.