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Relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depressive subtypes.

W H Norman, I W Miller, G I Keitner

    Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie
    |April 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cognitive theories of depression may only apply to a subgroup of patients. Dysfunctional cognitions strongly correlate with depression severity in non-melancholic major depression patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Cognitive Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Cognitive theories propose a link between dysfunctional cognitions and depression severity.
    • The generalizability of this relationship across different depressive subtypes requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depression severity in major depression patients.
    • To investigate whether this relationship differs between melancholic and non-melancholic subtypes, and between Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) suppressor and nonsuppressor groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed 40 inpatients with major depression.
    • Utilized the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) to measure cognitions.
    • Administered the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) to classify patients.

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  • Measured depression severity, hospital days, and readmissions.

    • Main Results:

    • Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) scores did not differ between DST suppressor/nonsuppressor or melancholic/non-melancholic groups.
    • A significant relationship between dysfunctional cognitions and depression severity was found only in the non-melancholic group.
    • Patients with elevated dysfunctional cognitions showed greater depression severity, more hospital days, and more readmissions, irrespective of subtype.

    Conclusions:

    • The hypothesized link between cognitions and depression severity is relevant primarily to a subgroup of depressives, specifically the non-melancholic subtype.
    • Elevated dysfunctional cognitions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes in major depression, independent of biological or diagnostic classification.