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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Alzheimer Disease.

Eric M McDade

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |June 9, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Early Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is improving with new fluid and imaging biomarkers. Understanding risk factors and targeting amyloid are key for future AD therapies and slowing cognitive decline.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Biomarker Discovery
    • Geriatric Medicine

    Background:

    • Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in adults.
    • Understanding AD risk factors, symptoms, and treatments is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advancements in AD diagnostics and therapeutics.
    • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and risk factor management.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of fluid biomarkers (CSF, plasma) for tau and amyloid.
    • Utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for AD pathology.
    • Review of recent clinical trials for amyloid-lowering drugs.

    Main Results:

    • Fluid and imaging biomarkers enable precise, earlier AD diagnosis.

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  • Biomarkers detect AD pathology (tau, amyloid) across the disease spectrum.
  • Addressing comorbidities is vital for preventing cognitive decline.
  • Conclusions:

    • Biomarker advancements improve AD understanding as a chronic condition.
    • Early diagnosis and risk factor management are essential for patient care.
    • Future therapies will likely require targeting multiple pathways for disease modification.