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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Rapidly Progressive Dementia.

Gregory S Day

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    This article offers a practical guide for evaluating rapidly progressive dementia. Early diagnosis using standard and new tests is crucial for identifying treatable causes and improving patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Geriatrics
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
    • Timely identification of the underlying cause is critical for effective management.
    • Prompt intervention can potentially halt or reverse cognitive decline in RPD patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a practical and organized approach for evaluating patients with RPD.
    • To guide clinicians in narrowing the differential diagnosis of RPD.
    • To emphasize the importance of early etiological determination in RPD.

    Main Methods:

    • Building upon standard dementia evaluation protocols.
    • Utilizing widely available diagnostic tests.
    • Incorporating emergent specific disease markers for RPD.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed approach facilitates a systematic evaluation of RPD.
    • It aids in identifying treatable causes of rapid cognitive decline.
    • Leveraging specific markers helps in differential diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • A pragmatic approach is essential for managing RPD.
    • Early diagnosis and intervention optimize patient outcomes.
    • Identifying treatable causes of RPD is a key clinical goal.