Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

455
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
455
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

382
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
382
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

568
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
568
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

827
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
827
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.3K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

510
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
510

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Etripamil: The First FDA-Approved Intranasal L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker for Acute Termination of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2026
Same author

Acoramidis: A New Transthyretin Stabilizer for Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2025
Same author

Safety of enoxaparin in patients implanted with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices.

Artificial organs·2024
Same author

Intravenous Ketamine for Cancer Pain: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis Comparing Fixed-Rate Versus Weight-Based Dosing.

Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy·2024
Same author

Death and Disability Reported with Cases of Vaccine Anaphylaxis Stratified by Administration Setting: An Analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 2017 to 2022.

Vaccines·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.5K

Topical Morphine Gel as a Systemic Opioid Sparing Technique.

Rachel C Klosko1,2, Maureen L Saphire3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Topical morphine gel may reduce systemic opioid use in adults with painful chronic wounds. This study found that patients treated with morphine gel required lower doses of systemic opioids, suggesting it can provide analgesia while sparing systemic use.

Keywords:
Opioid sparingTopical morphineUlcerWound

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.4K
In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice
05:24

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2014

47.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.5K
Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.4K
In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice
05:24

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2014

47.0K

Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Wound Care
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic wounds often cause significant pain, leading to increased systemic opioid use.
  • Effective pain management in chronic wounds is crucial for patient well-being and healing.
  • Current treatment strategies may have limitations in providing adequate analgesia while minimizing systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of topical morphine gel in reducing systemic opioid requirements for painful chronic wounds.
  • To assess changes in pain intensity following the initiation of topical morphine gel therapy.
  • To explore the potential of topical morphine as an adjunct analgesic in hospitalized adults.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of hospitalized adult patients with painful chronic wounds treated with topical morphine gel.
  • Systemic opioid use was quantified using morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) before and after gel initiation.
  • Pain intensity was measured using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) at various time points post-initiation.

Main Results:

  • Patients received a median of 8.0 applications of topical morphine gel.
  • Median change in MEDD showed a trend towards reduction at 48 hours (-4.4 mg) and one week (-7.5 mg) after initiation.
  • Median change in DVPRS score indicated a slight reduction in pain at 48 hours (-0.5).

Conclusions:

  • Topical morphine gel application in patients with painful chronic wounds was associated with reduced systemic opioid doses.
  • Topical morphine gel may serve as a viable option for analgesia in chronic wound care, potentially sparing systemic opioid consumption.
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.