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Thermal Stress

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in High-Performance Thermoelectric Thin Films Through Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

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Sputtering Flexible VO₂ Films for Effective Thermal Modulation.

Cuicui Cao^1,2, Bin Hu³, Guoli Tu³

¹State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|June 9, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a flexible vanadium dioxide (VO₂) film on polyimide for smart windows. This innovation enhances light transmission and solar modulation, offering improved indoor temperature control and durability.

Keywords:

colorless polyimide durability flexible smart window vanadium dioxide

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Energy

Background:

Flexible thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO₂) films offer significant advantages over rigid counterparts for large-scale applications.
Fabricating high-performance flexible VO₂ films for smart windows remains a significant challenge, limiting research and development.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and fabricate a flexible VO₂-based film with superior optical properties and extended durability for smart window applications.
To develop a facile fabrication strategy for flexible VO₂ films suitable for direct attachment to glass.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a flexible ITO/VO₂/ITO (IVI) film on a transparent polyimide substrate.
Characterization of the optical properties, including luminous transmittance (T_lum) and solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol).
Evaluation of thermal emissivity (ε_T) and film durability.

Main Results:

The flexible IVI film demonstrated enhanced luminous transmittance and solar modulation ability (15% and 68% increase, respectively, compared to VO₂ single layer).
Reduced thermal emissivity (50.7% decrease compared to VO₂ single layer) was achieved.
The fabricated film exhibited superior durability compared to existing flexible VO₂ structures.

Conclusions:

The developed flexible IVI film shows excellent comprehensive performance, making it highly suitable for practical smart window applications.
This work presents a novel and facile method for fabricating flexible VO₂ films, expanding their potential use in various coatings and devices.